On 18 June 2024, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice (C-551/22P) issued its ruling on an appeal filed by the European Commission, challenging a decision of the General Court. The General Court, in…
Introduction Crucial elements of internal justice systems put in place by international organisations: the administrative tribunals. Unlike their name may indicate, their primary task is not to offer redress against acts of international organisations exercising…
As overshadowed as administrative remedies may be by the spotlight on courts, national legal orders provide for systems of pretrial administrative remedies that come in various shapes and forms, whereby individuals complain about unlawful administrative…
1. Introduction In many legal systems, judicial review of administrative discretion is received increasing attention. If the legislator grants administrative authorities a power that leaves room for balancing interests, it is obvious that the authorities…
What is the difference between hard law and soft law? How can we identify soft norms? These issues occupied lawyers in cases T-721/14 and C-16/16P Belgium v Commission where the delineation of a recommendation from…